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A 2011 study published in the Journal of Young Pharmacists found that, There is significant and gradual elevation of lipid peroxide levels in patients on ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin. They also found that There was substantial depletion in both SOD (superoxide dismutase, a free radical scavenging enzyme) and glutathione levels and that On the 5 th day of treatment, plasma antioxidant status decreased by 77.6%, 50.5% (and) 7.56% for ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin and gatifloxacin respectively. The study also notes that administration of fluoroquinolones leads to a marked increase in the formation of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) and that reactive free radicals overwhelms the antioxidant defence, lipid peroxidation of the cell membrane occurs

Low levels of glutathione play a role in numerous disease conditions

PI3K/AKT, MAPK and AMPK signalling: protein kinases in glucose homeostasis

doi: 10.1016/j.cardiores.2004.05.018

bioRxiv2025 May 31