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In contrast, there is little evidence to date to suggest that supplemental L-carnitine could reduce muscle cramps in patients undergoing hemodialysis (128)

( f ) Quantification of H2AX foci in cells transduced with shRNA targeting IDH1 alone or combined with overexpression of wildtype IDH1 (wtIDH1 OE) (n = 3 technical replicates from 3 independent experiments in each cell line)

Interestingly, the researchers noted that combining the two forms resulted in less overall improvement than using them individually, suggesting a potential competition for intestinal absorption or cellular transport mechanisms

Ramaekers et al., 2007

Sambanthamoorthy et al