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M1-like macrophages predominantly utilize anabolic metabolism, specifically glycolysis and the PPP, to generate energy and synthesize cellular components, whereas M2-like macrophages are more reliant on OXPHOS, particularly through the enhancement of FAO

Structural optimization has led to the development of second- and third-generation ferrostatins, such as liproxstatin-1, SRS11-92, SRS16-86, and UAMC-3203, which exhibit enhanced stability and in vivo activity (414, 415)

Clinical challenges and mitigation strategies Core clinical and research challenges With the widespread clinical use of platinum-based chemotherapeutics, long-term in vivo platinum accumulation has emerged as a critical yet underrecognized clinical challenge, serving as the core toxicological driver of impaired long-term quality of life and adverse health outcomes in cancer survivors