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p = 0.021

Additionally, by reducing the accumulation of lactic acid, it helps to reduce muscle soreness and improve recovery time following exercise Metabolism of Branched-Chain Amino Acids L-Carnitine also plays a role in the metabolism of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), which are important for muscle growth and repair

Although TMA-lyase has been characterized to be responsible for gut microbial choline metabolism [16,17,18,19], the key gut microorganism and the relevant enzyme involved in the conversion of carnitine to TMA remains unclear

It has been studied extensively in the context of exercise performance, with findings suggesting that it can reduce muscle soreness and damage, particularly after resistance training

3cf and Extended Data Fig