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Inhibiting PFKFB3 activity in an in vitro IR model blocks glycolytic activation, forcing neurons to switch to the PPP metabolic pathway, thereby realizing a neuroprotective effect (54)

Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology 14(2):83-90. [doi.org]

As noted above, SOD1/2 (Cu/Zn and Mn, respectively), CAT, and GPx catalyze the dismutation of O to O 2 and H 2 O 2 and the subsequent decomposition of the latter to O 2 and H 2 O

References: rxlist.com Cafcit (caffeine citrate) New York Times (Nov 15, 2012) Keywords Nicotine Trade Names: Nicotrol Inhaler Drug Class: Nicotinic Cholinomimetic Mechanism of Action: Binds stereo-selectively to nicotinic-cholinergic receptors at the autonomic ganglia , in the adrenal medulla , at neuromuscular junctions , and in the brain Two types of central nervous system effects are believed to be the basis of nicotines positively reinforcing properties: A stimulating effect is exerted mainly in the cortex via the locus ceruleus A reward effect is exerted in the limbic system At low doses the stimulant effects predominate while at high doses the reward effects predominate The cardiovascular effects of nicotine include peripheral vasoconstriction, tachycardia, and elevated blood pressure Indications: Aid to smoking cessation for the relief of nicotine withdrawal symptoms Contraindications: Known hypersensitivity or allergy to nicotine or to menthol Side Effects: The toxic effects of acute nicotine poisoning can be divided into early & late phases (Schep et al, 2009