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Over the years, disulfide-containing compounds (-SS-) have been extensively explored in the development of GSH-sensitive drug delivery systems (DDSs) [52]

As a biomarker in clinical practice, it has been suggested as a proxy to evaluate neuroinflammation ( Although CNS IDDs might differ in several aspects, as previously mentioned, the extensive role performed by glial cells in neuroinflammation is a convergence point among them

The antioxidant effects of vitamin C and curcumin have been investigated in suppressing PIPN with demonstrated benefits in the reduction of TNF and IL6 levels in the DRG of rats [23, 24]

Narcan removes opioids from receptors in the central nervous system and replaces the opioids without activating the receptor

Moreover, Mn decreased REST expression in astrocytes, while overexpression of astrocytic REST exerted protection against Mn-induced neuronal cell toxicity by regulating inflammatory cytokines and glutamate transporter GLT-1/EAAT2 in astrocytes (Pajarillo et al., 2021)