effects of glutathione on cells in Our Diet and Its Role in the Body: From Disease Prevention to Anti-Aging γ-glutamylcysteine exhibits anti-inflammatory effects by

10.1074/jbc.M304292200 33 MusaogullariA.MandatoA.ChaiY.-C

It modulates neurotrophic signaling pathways, including BDNFTrkB-CREB, and enhances long-term potentiation (LTP), which is crucial for memory consolidation

1 Introduction Osteoarthritis (OA) is among the most prevalent degenerative joint diseases globally, affecting more than 500 million people worldwide and ranking as the leading cause of disability among adults aged 50 years and older ( Ferroptosis, first reported in 2012, is a novel form of cell death distinct from classical apoptosis, pyroptosis, and necrosis ( Due to the possible critical role of ferroptosis in OA, there has been a surge of interest in elucidating its molecular mechanisms and exploring potential therapeutic strategies

NAD+ IV therapy is an emerging treatment that shows promise in supporting addiction recovery

In pancreatic regeneration, sEVs activate the PDX-1 signaling axis to promote -cell regeneration and insulin secretion (Mahdipour et al., 2019)