l carnitine tmao conversion Intestinal microbiota metabolism of l-carnitine, a nutrient in red meat, promotes atherosclerosis γ–Butyrobetaine is a pro-atherogenic intermediate
Butyrobetaine is a pro atherogenic intermediate in gut microbial metabolism of L carnitine to TMAO PMC Gut Derived Metabolite, Trimethylamine N oxide (TMAO) in Cardio Metabolic Diseases: Detection, Mechanism, and Potential Therapeutics PMC Linking anaerobic gut bacteria and cardiovascular disease Nature Microbiology Gutheart axis: emerging therapies targeting trimethylamine N oxide production PMC Frontiers Gut Microbiota Dependent Marker TMAO in Promoting Cardiovascular Disease: Inflammation Mechanism, Clinical Prognostic, and Potential as a Therapeutic Target
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